Permanent residence in Canada is a status granted to individuals who have immigrated to Canada and are authorized to live and work there, but are not Canadian citizens. These individuals retain citizenship from their home country. In contrast, Canadian citizens may be born in Canada, acquire citizenship through naturalization, or be born to Canadian citizens abroad. Additionally, individuals adopted by Canadian citizens after January 1, 1947, can also be Canadian citizens.

Permanent residents in Canada enjoy several rights and benefits. They can live, work, and study anywhere in the country. They are eligible for most social benefits that Canadian citizens receive, including healthcare coverage. Permanent residents are also protected under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and Canadian laws. Moreover, they have the opportunity to apply for Canadian citizenship after meeting certain residency requirements.

However, permanent residents do face some restrictions. They are not allowed to vote or run for political office. Additionally, they cannot hold certain jobs that require high-level security clearance. Despite these limitations, permanent residency is a significant step towards full integration into Canadian society and offers a pathway to eventual citizenship.